TURBOCHARGER

TURBOCHARGER ASSEMBLY

Turbo or fancy term, is a gas compressor that is used for forced induction (Forced Induction) of the internal combustion engine (Internal Combustion Engine) (Wikipedia, nd 2010)

Turbochargers is a form of supercharger which increase the density of air that enters the engine to produce more power. a turbocharger that has a turbine and a compressor powered by the exhaust gas is controlled by the machine itself rather than mechanical control. this makes the turbocharger is able to achieve that higher level of efficiency than the compressors Forced Induction another type.

At the beginning of the assembly, Turbocharger referenced as "Turbosupercharger". a supercharger that use the air compressor to be induced / forcibly pushed into the machine. logically, to add to rotate the turbine supercharger would change the term becomes "Turbosupercharger". however, the term is later shortened to "turbocharger". this, create confusion because sometimes the term "turbosupercharger" is often used to indicate that use crankshaft engine-drive supercharger and exhaust-driven turbocharger together or sometimes called "twincharging". 
Working Principle Turbocharger:A Turbocharger there is a radial fan that small pump that is controlled by the energy of the exhaust gas from an engine. a turbocharger consists of a turbine and a compressor mounted on a rod (shared shaft). The turbine converts heat and pressure of the exhaust gas into rotary power, which is then used to drive the compressor. moving the compressor air flow and memompakannya into the intake manifold at a pressure that is increasing. It produces large levels of air that enters the cylinder of each step suction (intake stroke). 
The purpose of the turbocharger or less the same as the supercharger, to improve volumetric efficiency of the engine by breaking one of the cardinal limitations. air at atmospheric pressure of not more than 1 atm (14,7psi), so that there is an absolute limit between the pressure in the intake valve and flow amount of air that enters the combustion chamber. Turbocharger boost tekantan at the point where the air enters the cylinder, levels of air (oxygen) which imposed large entrance when the pressure in the inlet manifold increases, additional air flow to make the engine capable of controlling the pressure of the combustion chamber and the ratio of fuel and air that is balanced when the engine is at high RPM. this increases the power and torque that is issued by the machine. 
To avoid detonation and physical damage, the pressure in the cylinder should not be too high. to prevent that happening, inlet pressure should be controlled by ventilation which remove excess gas. The control functions performed by the wastegate, which directs some of the exhaust gases flow into the turbine did not participate. 
How it works Turbocharger:A turbocharger is basically an air pump. Hot exhaust gases leaving the engine after combustion which is directed to the turbocharger turbine wheel beside the path to make the turbine spins up to speed 230.000RPMThe turbine wheel is connected by a shaft to the compressor wheel. the more rapidly rotating turbine, compressor, too, spinning rapidly. The compressor rotation encourage air flow and compress the air before it is pumped into the engine combustion chamber. 
Many systems that add cooling turbo (intercooled) between the compressor and cylinders, karenan compressed air that spins so fast and can reach high temperature extremesThe basic principle behind the use of turbochargin fairly simple, but a turbocharger is a component of a very complex machine. not only the components within the turbocharger itself that must be coordinated correctly, but jg turbocharger and the engine must be really fit. if not, it can produce a machine that is not efficient and even damage.

there are four stages of work are: 

1. Snuff (Charge Exchange Stroke)on Diesel or gasoline injection engines, the piston moves down and the air is drawn through the intake valve. the gasoline engine carburetor, the air is mixed with gasoline. 
2. Compression (Power Stroke)When the piston moves upward, air or a mixture of gasoline and air in the compressed 
3. Expansion (Power Stroke)in the carburetor or injection gasoline engine, fuel and air mixture ignited by a spark plug, the Diesel engine, the fuel injected at high pressure and the fuel air mixture will ignite spontaneously. then, the explosion pushes the piston moves down. 
4. Disposal (Charge Exchange Stroke)Exhaust expelled through the exhaust valve when the piston moves upward.

Turbocharger on the engine, the compressed air before it is supplied back into the cylinder during the suction step. because the process is at a pressure that is higher, a larger air content into the combustion chamber so that the fuel burn more efficiently. this increases power output, providing a larger torque at top speed compared to ordinary machines with the same machine volume, and reduced levels of exhaust emissions. some Diesel engines can be set up to receive over the air, but with the same dose of diesel fuel, which not only increases power but also produce cleaner exhaust gas reply. 
PARALLELsome machines, such as machine types V, using two small turbo which is identical. each attached to the exhaust gas stream which is separate from the machine. 2 smaller turbo that generates boost (boost) the same or more (in the aggregate) rather than a single large turbo. because of its size that is small, this type of turbo capable of achieving optimal RPM and produce the optimal boost more quickly. turbo type is often referred to by other names Parallel Twin-Turbo system.List of Vehicles with Twin Turbo: Maserati Bi-turbo, Nisan GT-R, Mitsubishi 3000GT VR-4, Nissan 300ZX, BMW twin turbo 3.0 inline 6 cylinder cars (E90, E81, E60). 
SEQUENTIALSome automakers cope with Turbo lag (Pause desideratum when Turbo On) by using 2 small turbo. preparation of that typical for this type of turbo, turbo which has one active in the whole round and one turbo RPM which is active when the High RPM. before high RPM is reached, the air inlet and the exhaust gas from the Turbo both closed. Sequential twin-turbo is usually much more complex than parallel twin-turbo. Many Machinery Diesel Modern use this technology to eliminate the effect of "Turbo Lag" and also reduce fuel consumption and carbon emissions. 

The advantages of the application of the Turbo: 

1. More Responsivein the application of standards, is a realistic thing to multiply the power of an engine through a turbocharger. turbocharger also prevent the loss of power at high altitudes, and provide significant benefit on trucks and off-road machines that have been air-Turbocharger 
2. More EconomicalTurbochargers recycle the energy that is produced by the vehicle's engine, change the fuel energy consumed into a larger effort by creating friction and heat that smaller wastage. as a result, the engine turbocharger premises that make use of more fuel-efficient than the standard state. 
3. More GREENBecause the turbocharger sending more air into the engine, fuel combustion takes place easier and cleaner. Diesel engine modern engine with turbocharger produces NOx and CO2 emissions that lower 50% than conventional machines. 
4 More ExcitingTurbochargers providing a larger torque, so that the performance of the vehicle becomes more violent and provide actual driving pleasureCaring for TURBO engine:CARS fully-turbocharger engine is the best alternative for increased horsepower (horse power), without having to increase the weight of the car. In fact, because of its size and simple installation process is simple, make the turbo very popular in the aftermarket.Although installation is simple, but in its application, can not be arbitrary turbocharger fitted. The process takes an experienced mechanic and charges are quite expensive, because the turbo quite expensive to own. 
Care or maintenance vehicles powered turbocharger must also be appropriate, because of the correct treatment course affect the durability of the turbo engine. Moreover, installation of turbo improper application can cancel the engine manufacturer's warranty. 
Basically the same turbocharged engine maintenance by car N / A or daily. Just the frequency of replacing the oil, where the engine turbocharger had to 'drink' oil faster. For example, the lifetime of normal oil 5,000 km should be replaced immediately, then for turbo-engined car, the mileage of 4000 km, the car must immediately accept the oil intake.Because the turbo working in conditions of temperature, speed and high pressure, then the optimum Performance can be obtained if the tool is operated and maintained properly. Damage often occurs usually due to poor lubrication, or the inclusion of the abrasive particles in the oil. Another cause is the passage of large particles in the air stream which is sucked in. Also objects that erupted out of the exhaust, such as carbon crust, flake machine components, etc. instrumental cause damage. 
In order for a turbo works perfectly, then;* Turbo should be in service in accordance recommended timeframe.* Always use the recommended oil car manufacturers* Choose a garage which is really an expert in the care of turbo* Check for any oil leaks, strange noises and vibrations that is not fair.* Power less, loud noises, smoke blue or black, may indicate problems in the engine, not turbo* Heat the engine for a while, waiting for the engine oil temperature reaches the optimum working temperature before ramped up on the gas pedal to activate the turbo.

Do not play the accelerator, because the possibility of lubricant component of the turbo is not perfect. Instead, let the engine idle a few moments before the engine is turned off. When the machine is turned off immediately, the supply of oil to the turbo engine automatically stops, while the turbo is spinning at high speed. This could injure the bearing.

 On machines with the latest turbo technology, such rituals are not necessary anymore. 
* Cars that use turbo frequency of replacement of the oil should be faster, for example, the life of the 5000 km oil normally have to change, then for turbo cars, the 4000 km oil must be replaced, 
* It is advisable to install a Turbo Timer to prevent damage to the turbo when the engine is off after use. 
A Turbo Timer is a tool that is designed to keep the engine running during a time that has been determined to carry out the cooling-down period on the turbo. it is intended to keep / prevent wear or premature failure of turbo reply.after use of the vehicle when the turbocharger has been worked hard, it is important to let the engine running at idle speed RPM that for a moment, this is done to cool the compressor device from which the low temperature of the gas at the gas exhaust and intake lines. at the same time, the lubricant in the engine jg can circulate properly so that the turbine will not burn lubricants that may be trapped between the charger and the turbine at high speed. 
in modern turbocharger, turbo timer will need to be removed to ensure the vehicle does not produce a boost (while driving) for a few minutes before the machine was turned off. 

CARING CARS TURBO

Some cars today are equipped with a turbocharger. Such as Isuzu Panther, Toyota Fortuner, Innova Diesel or an older car like the Fiat Uno Turbo. Certainly well above the engine oerforma machinery N / A (naturally aspirated). 
What about maintenance? For the service was the same as the non-turbo car. Whereas most cars Forced Induction (FI) is treated like cars non-turbo.There should not be so. The problem is the machine type of FI gets coercion in system revenues, so there should be a different treatment to the car N / A. yet again as turbo vulnerable to damage if perlakuaanya wrong. 
Turbo car should have given a special lubricant for turbo cars. Characteristics of oil to the turbo engine has always given frills turbo on the packaging. These oils are usually able to withstand the high temperatures of the turbo. 
Why tubo car must use a special oil specification. Because the car engine oil is also used as a lubricant turbo. So from circulating into the engine lubricant to lubricate as turbo impeller and out again to the machine. 
Whereas very high temperature turbine wheel. Without special lubricant turbo rapid evaporation and damage the quality of the oilApart from the lubricants, car berturbo generally equipped with a turbo timer, so when the contact at a position off the engine continues to live up to a few seconds. In accordance with a turbo timer settings are generally above 20 seconds.It is used as a time lag when the temperature lubricant when the engine is switched off not too high. So that the oil temperature down first. To preserve turbo.

What if the car is not equipped with a turbo timer? Try for a moment before the car engine is turned off it is good in a stationary state 15-20 seconds and then the engine switched off. It is the same with the turbo timer earlier, Just the system does not automatically but manually. TIPS ON OIL replyThe extent to which you know the lubricant / oil that you frequently use for an oil change every 2-3 months or even every month on your vehicle?Most of us choose oil SAE only based on parameters that are tailored to the specifications of our vehicles are usually written 5W50, 15W50, 15W40, and so on. whereas there are other things that are not less important to know QUALITY of lubricants that we use is the certification of API (American Petroleum Institute), ACEA (Association December Constructeurs Europeens d 'Automobiles), ILSAC (European), JASO (Japan Automotive Standards Organization) and some Another special certification issued by the manufacturer / producer to legitimize the use of lubricants or lubricants which means that it has been tested and found approved or approved by the manufacturer for use on their production vehicles.

FUNCTION OLI 

In general, we think that the main function merely as an engine lubricating oil. Though oil has other functions that are not less important, namely among others as Coolant, Protector of Karat, cleaners and Closing Gaps in the walls machine.All these functions are very closely related, as lubricants, oil will create friction between the components in the machines move more smoothly, making it easier for the machine to reach the ideal working temperature.Besides oil also acts as a heat transfer fluid combustion chamber reaches 1000-1600 degrees Celsius to other parts of the engine cooler.With a level of consistency that is adapted to the volume capacity and engine requirements. The more viscous the oil, the leakage rate will be smaller, but on the other hand resulted in increased workload for the oil pump.Besides the content of additives in the oil, will make a film on the cylinder walls to protect the engine at start. And prevent the onset of rust, even if the vehicle is not used for a long time. Beside that also contain detergent additives in lubricant serves as a solvent dirt combustion results so wasted at the turn of the oil. 

CHOOSE OLI 

The increasing number of oil option at this time, it will make us a little confused, because all oil producers must have told them the most good oil. But there are some things that might be used as a reference, among others, identify the character of your vehicle, engine specifications and the environment where the majority of your drive (temperature, humidity, dust, etc.).

WATCH THE ALLOTMENT AND QUALITY LUBRICANT 

Note the designation of lubricants, whether digunaan for engine lubricating oil, or diesel, 2-stroke or 4-stroke, industrial equipment, and so on.The quality of the oil itself is generally indicated by the code of the API (American Petroleum Institute) and followed by the letters levels behind. Example API: SL, code S (Spark) indicates lubricants for gasoline engines. The second letter code indicates the value of the quality of the oil, getting closer to the letter Z, the better the quality of oil in the coat components with a layer of film and more in accordance with the needs of modern engines

There are two groups of API service categories, namely:

1. Category API Service for lubricating gasoline-fueled vehicles

2. Category API Service for lubricating diesel vehicles 

API SERVICE ENGINE LUBRICATING gasoline-fueled cars- SL = can be used for all new tech car engineand earlier. Introduced on 1 July 2001, the Lubricants category SL is designed to provide high temperature deposition control better and is designed for more efficient use of lubricants. In some oils have met ILSAC certification or qualification as an energy saving- SJ = for vehicle engines 2001 and earlier- SH = for vehicle engines 1996 and earlier- SG = for vehicle engines 1993 and earlier- SF = for vehicle engines 1988 and earlier- SE = for vehicle engines in 1979 and earlier- SD = for vehicle engines 1971 and earlier- SC = for vehicle engines 1967 and earlier- SB and SA = is not recommended

API SERVICE LUBRICANTS DIESEL ENGINE CARS- CI-4 = Introduced on September 5, 2002, to4T engine, high speed. Formulated to maintain engine durability. Can be used to replace the lubricant category of CD, CE, CF-4, CG-4 and CH-4- CH-4 = Introduced in 1998, for the 4T engine,high speed. Can be used to replace the lubricant category of CD, CE, CF-4 and CG-4- CG-4 = Introduced in 1995, for the 4T engine, loadheavy, high speed using fuel with a sulfur content of 0.5%. Can be used to replace the lubricant category of CD, CE, and CF-4- CF-4 = Introduced in 1990, to 4T engine speedtall with a turbo charger or exhaust usual. Can be used to replace the lubricant category CD, and CE- CF-2 = Diperkenakan 1994, for heavy loads 2T engine,Lubricant can be used to replace the CD-II category- CF = Introduced in 1994, for off-road vehicles,indirect-injection diesel engines and other diesel engines which use fuel with a sulfur content of 0.05% above. Can be used to replace the lubricant category CD- CE = Introduced in 1987, for the 4T engine, speedtall with a turbo charger or exhaust usual. Can be used to replace the lubricant category of CC and CD- CD-II = Introduced in 1987 for 2T engine- CD Introduced in 1955. For turbocharger engineas well as the usual exhaust gas- CC = for machine introduced in 1961- CB and CA = is not recommended 
API SERVICE ENGINE LUBRICANT MOTORCYCLEAPI Service for motorcycle engine about the same as the API Service on cars that use S code, but until now the highest circulating API Service new to SJ.Besides the API Service, generally oil motorcycle also has JASO certification issued by the Japanese automotive standards organization. There are several categories:Code F: out in the early 90s began with the FA and FB code and is now the highest FC. Allocation to the oil side. JASO FC made of semi-synthetic raw materials so that the smoke thin (lowsmoke) and almost no smoke at all (smokeless). Oli with JASO FC also includes low emission due to dust combustion exhaust gas is lower than JASO FB making it more environmentally friendly. Another advantage is that it can minimize tebentuknya crust particularly at plugs, peak piston, cylinder head until exhaust.Code M: a new certification and are now only code MA.Designation for engine oil (motor 4 stroke). Oil has JASO MA certification means that the oil has been supported by the content of additives antislip clutch. 
API SERVICE DOUBLEIn most of its service API oil in the car usually twofold. For example API SL / CF. Meaning: API first demonstrated that the primary use of the oil in a gasoline engine with a qualification SL oil but in an emergency they can be used in diesel engines with qualifications CF. And vice versa.CHOOSE THE RIGHT lubricant viscosityViscosity lubricant which is also called "Viscosity-Grade" is a measure of viscosity and lubricating ability to flow at a given temperatureOil identification code is in the form of letters SAE stands for Society of Automotive Engineers. Furthermore, figures that follow behind, shows the level of the oil viscosity. SAE 40 or SAE 15W-50, the greater the number that follows the code indicates the oil is thickened oil.While the letter W which are behind the initial figure, which stands for Winter. SAE 15W-50, meaning that oil has a viscosity SAE 10 for cold temperature conditions and SAE 50 in hot temperature conditions. With these conditions, the oil will provide optimum protection when the engine start in extreme conditions.While it is normal in hot conditions, the oil should ideally be working in the range of viscosity numbers of 40-50 according to SAE standards.Mineral oil distillates are usually made of synthetic oil while the results of the chemical mixture. Materials usually PAO synthetic oil (polyalphaolefin).So Mineral oil API SL quality is not the same as the oil Synthetic API SL.Oli synthetic usually advised to machine the latest technology (turbo, supercharger, dohc, etc.) also require better lubrication (racing) where the gap between parts / metal smaller / narrow / precision where only oil synthetic that can coat and flowing perfect.So for engines manufactured in 2001 and above already suggested using either synthetic oil-type semi-synthetic (mixed with mineral oil) or fully-synthetic.Fully synthetic oil price could 2X - 4X is more expensive than the semi-synthetic.Semi-synthetic oil price can be 2x more expensive than mineral oil.If for everyday use enough semi synthetic. 
WATCH PACKING LUBRICANT OILS AND AVOID FALSEBuy a lubricant packaged well, still sealed with neat, there is a corporate identity and purpose of use. Avoid purchasing items that are defective packaging. Buy a lubricant on an official agent or in places that can be trusted by you or recommendation from your colleague.Now you certainly more aware than ever about the quality of the oil. So for now circulating in Indonesian oil for gasoline engines API service SL down while for diesel engines API Service CH4 down. We recommend that you use oil that has the highest API certification because it will provide better results for you both in terms of vehicle performance and maintenance of the vehicles in the long term.Synthetic oils are more expensive than mineral oil, but we can choose a semi-synthetic better than mineral oil and more economical than synthetic oil. 
INSTRUCTIONS SAE GRADE MOTOR OILS FOR PASSENGER VEHICLES:Grade Lubricants divided into singlegrade / monograde such as SAE 15 and SAE 50 (used in extreme temperature) and multigrade such as SAE 5W-50 and 15W-50 is widely used (except at temperatures that are very hot or very cold) because the lubricant is sufficiently dilute to flow at low temperatures and thick enough to work satisfactorily at elevated temperatures.More specifically we use the following illustration:There are 3 Oli, 1 multigrade, 2 monograde1 SAE 15 oil (dilute)2 SAE 50 oil (viscous)3 SAE 15W50 oil (multigrade)The third Oli brought a cold temperature then:Oil 1 (SAE 15) will be more viscous due to cooler2 oil (SAE 50) can freeze because their home has been condensedOli 3 (SAE15W50) viscosity oil will be equal to 1 (SAE15)Now the third Oli brought to a hot temperature, then:Oil 1 (SAE 15) to be very dilute and even can evaporate all2 oil (SAE 50) becomes more dilute3 oil (SAE 15W50) Oil viscosity equal to 2 (SAE 50) 
MINERAL OIL SYNTHETIC OIL VSAll both mineral and synthetic oils together there is a standard flame.Advantages compared to mineral oil synthetic oil:- More stable at high temperatures (less volatile)so low evaporation levels- Control / prevent carbon deposits in the engine- Circulation more smoothly at the start time of the morning / cold weather- Lubricate and coated metal better and prevent it from occurringfriction between the metal resulting in engine damage- Resistance to change / oxidation making it more durableso it is more economical and efficient- Reducing the occurrence of friction, increase energy andengine cooler- Contains better detergents for cleaningengine of the crust